The ESL Miscellany, Fourth Edition Price $29.00

49. Agriculture 140 50. Shops and Tools 141 51. Law 142 52. Police, Crime, and Emergencies 144 53. Communication Technology 146 54. Politics and Government 147 55. The Media 148 56. Religion 149 57. Elementary, Secondary Education 151 58. College Education 152 59. History 154 60. Disasters 155 61. The Military and War 156 62. Energy 158 63. Death 159 Communicative Functions: Checklist 160 1. Surviving (Beginner Level) 161 2. Adjusting: Settling In (Advanced Beginner) 162 3. Participating (Intermediate) 163 4. Integrating (Advanced) 164

The Cultural Aspect

Cultural Common Denominators 166 1. Immigration Statistics 167 2. Native Peoples of North America 168 3. Population by Ethnic Identity 169 4. Major U.S. Cities 170 5. States of the United States 171 6. Provinces and Major Cities of Canada 173 7. Government Structures of the U.S. 174 8. U.S. Departments and Agencies 178 9. Government Structure of Canada 179 10. U.S. Presidents 180 11. Canadian Governors General and Prime Ministers 185 12. U.S. Industries 186 13. Some Famous Americans 187 14. Entertainers 190 15. Heroes 193 16. Recent Nobel Peace Prize Winners 194 17. Points of Interest 196 18. National Parks 198 19. Natural Features 199 20. Important Days and Holidays in the U.S. and Canada 200 21. Major Religions in the U.S., Canada, and the World 202 22. Brief History of the U.S. 204 23. Folk Songs 209 24. Nursery Rhymes and Tongue Twisters 210 25. Light Verse 212 26. American Literature and Cinema 214 27. A Few Famous Quotations 217 28. Proverbs 219 29. Bumper Stickers 221 30. Superstitions 222 31. Family Relationship Chart 223 32. Names 224 33. Place Names 225 34. Sports Teams in the U.S. and Canada 226 35. Sports Legends 228 36. The U.S. School System Chart 230 37. Currencies: U.S. and Canada 231 38. Television 232 39. U.S. Publications 234 40. Leading U.S. Advertisers 236 41. U.S. National Documents 237 U.S. National Anthem 237 Declaration of Independence 237 Preamble of the U.S. Constitution 237 Constitution of the United States: Brief Summary 238 Bill of Rights 240 Gettysburg Address 241 Statue of Liberty Inscription 241 America the Beautiful 241 Martin Luther King, Jr.: “I Have a Dream” 242 Pledge of Allegiance 243 42. Canadian National Anthem 244

The Metalingusitic Aspect and Miscellaneous Materials

Metalinguistic and Miscellaneous Materials: Checklist 245 1. Glossary of Grammatical Terms 246 2. Three Phonetic Alphabets 251 3. A Brief Guide to Punctuation 253 4. Useful Spelling Rules 256 5. Differences Between British/Canadian and U.S. American Spelling 257 6. Some BritishAmerican Vocabulary Differences 258 7. 600 HighFrequency Words 260 8. Measurement Terms and Equivalents 263 9. Common Elements 265 10. Common Symbols 266 11. Proofreading/Correction Marks 267 12. Roman Numerals CCLXVII 13. Abbreviations 268 14. Computer Acronyms 271 15. Road Signs 273 16. Other Informational Signs 275 17. A Pedagogical Atlas of the World 277 The Paralinguistic Aspect Paralinguistic Materials: Checklist 294 1. An Outline of Paralinguistic Communication 295 2. International Sign Alphabet 296 3. Classroom Gestures 297 4. Selected American Gestures: Checklist and Interpretations 298 Children’s Gestures 305 Parental Gestures 306 Societal Gestures 307 Gestures of Greeting and Leave Taking 307 Gestures of Complicity and Fraternity 309 Gestures of Identification 310 Gestures of Hope or Good Luck 310 Gestures of Jubilation 311 Gestures of Congratulation and Selfcongratulation 312 Gestures of Nervousness, Impatience, Worry, and Boredom 313 Miscellaneous Gestures Showing Other Emotions 314 Miscellaneous Gestures with Specific Meanings 316 Sources 317 Index 319

Introduction 1 Interplay Lesson Plan 3

The Linguistic Aspect

The Alphabet 1. Upper Case and Lower Case, Print and Cursive 8 2. Consonant Clusters and Digraphs 9 Phonology 1. Basic Sounds of English (Phonemes) 10 2. Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences 11 3. Pronunciation of Consonants 12 4. Common Spellings of Vowels 13 5. Basic Lexical Stress Patterns 16 6. Noun-Verb Stress Patterns 18 7. Pronunciation of -s Suffix 19 8. Pronunciation of -ed Suffix 20 9. Basic Intonation Patterns 21 10. Minimal Pairs 22 11. Pronunciation Problem Areas for Selected Language Learners 25 Morphology/Lexicon 1. Affix Chart 26 2. Common Affixes 27 3. Common Roots 30 4. Common Suffixed Words 32 5. Irregular Noun Plurals 33 6. Compound Word Chart 34 7. A Collection of Common Collocations 35 8. Nationality and Place Words 38 Grammar 1. A Grammar Sequence 42 2. Tense/Aspect Chart 52 3. Stative Verbs 53 4. Linking Verbs 53 5. Irregular Verbs 54 6. Intransitive and Transitive Verbs 56 7. Phrasal Verbs 57 8. Modal Verb Chart 60 9. Direct and Indirect Objects 62 10. Verb + Infinitive 63 11. Verb + Gerund 64 12. Verb + Gerund or Infinitive 64 13. Verb + Simple Verb Form 64 14. Noun and Adjective Phrase Word Order 65 15. Determiners 66 16. Pronouns 67 17. Article Grid 68 18. Noncountable Nouns 69 19. Quantifiers 71 20. Prepositions 71 21. Verb + Prepositions 72 22. Participles as Modifiers 72 23. Time Expressions 73 24. Adverbials 74 25. Preverbal Adverbs of Frequency 75 26. Adverbial Participles 75 27. Adjective + Prepositions 76 28. Verbs and Adjectives Taking Subjunctive 76 The Communicative Aspect Situational Contexts: Checklist 78 1. Basic Daily Needs 79 2. Transportation 79 3. Work 79 4. Health and Safety 80 5. Personal and Family Needs 80 6. Personal Finances 80 7. Education 81 8. Shopping and Service 81 9. Recreation 82 10. Citizenship 82 Topical Content: Checklist 83 1. Food 85 2. Cooking 88 3. Eating 89 4. Housing/Housekeeping 90 5. Lawn & Garden 92 6. Clothes 93 7. Paraphernalia 95 8. Family 96 9. Human Relationships, Qualities, and Stages 97 10. Travel 98 11. Time 99 12. Weather and Climate 100 13. Geography 101 14. Natural Resources 102 15. Animals 103 16. Birds 105 17. Plants and Trees 106 18. Language and Literature 107 19. Thinking 108 20. Numbers and Math 109 21. Colors 110 22. Shapes 111 23. Substances and Materials 112 24. Containers 113 25. Manipulations 113 26. Emotions 114 27. The Body and Its Function 115 28. Automobiles 117 29. Transportation 119 30. Community 121 31. Hotels 121 32. Restaurants 122 33. Stores and Shops 123 34. Agencies and Services 123 35. Post Office / Delivery Services 124 36. Banks and Money 125 37. Recreation 126 38. Sports and Games 128 39. Music 129 40. Photography, Cinema, and Video 130 41. Medicine and Health 131 42. Dentistry 133 43. Hygiene 133 44. Barber and Beautician 134 45. Cosmetics and Toiletries 135 46. Jobs and Work 136 47. Office 137 48. Business 138 49. Agriculture 140 50. Shops and Tools 141 51. Law 142 52. Police, Crime, and Emergencies 144 53. Communication Technology 146 54. Politics and Government 147 55. The Media 148 56. Religion 149 57. Elementary, Secondary Education 151 58. College Education 152 59. History 154 60. Disasters 155 61. The Military and War 156 62. Energy 158 63. Death 159 Communicative Functions: Checklist 160 1. Surviving (Beginner Level) 161 2. Adjusting: Settling In (Advanced Beginner) 162 3. Participating (Intermediate) 163 4. Integrating (Advanced) 164

The Cultural Aspect

Cultural Common Denominators 166 1. Immigration Statistics 167 2. Native Peoples of North America 168 3. Population by Ethnic Identity 169 4. Major U.S. Cities 170 5. States of the United States 171 6. Provinces and Major Cities of Canada 173 7. Government Structures of the U.S. 174 8. U.S. Departments and Agencies 178 9. Government Structure of Canada 179 10. U.S. Presidents 180 11. Canadian Governors General and Prime Ministers 185 12. U.S. Industries 186 13. Some Famous Americans 187 14. Entertainers 190 15. Heroes 193 16. Recent Nobel Peace Prize Winners 194 17. Points of Interest 196 18. National Parks 198 19. Natural Features 199 20. Important Days and Holidays in the U.S. and Canada 200 21. Major Religions in the U.S., Canada, and the World 202 22. Brief History of the U.S. 204 23. Folk Songs 209 24. Nursery Rhymes and Tongue Twisters 210 25. Light Verse 212 26. American Literature and Cinema 214 27. A Few Famous Quotations 217 28. Proverbs 219 29. Bumper Stickers 221 30. Superstitions 222 31. Family Relationship Chart 223 32. Names 224 33. Place Names 225 34. Sports Teams in the U.S. and Canada 226 35. Sports Legends 228 36. The U.S. School System Chart 230 37. Currencies: U.S. and Canada 231 38. Television 232 39. U.S. Publications 234 40. Leading U.S. Advertisers 236 41. U.S. National Documents 237 U.S. National Anthem 237 Declaration of Independence 237 Preamble of the U.S. Constitution 237 Constitution of the United States: Brief Summary 238 Bill of Rights 240 Gettysburg Address 241 Statue of Liberty Inscription 241 America the Beautiful 241 Martin Luther King, Jr.: “I Have a Dream” 242 Pledge of Allegiance 243 42. Canadian National Anthem 244

The Metalingusitic Aspect and Miscellaneous Materials

Metalinguistic and Miscellaneous Materials: Checklist 245 1. Glossary of Grammatical Terms 246 2. Three Phonetic Alphabets 251 3. A Brief Guide to Punctuation 253 4. Useful Spelling Rules 256 5. Differences Between British/Canadian and U.S. American Spelling 257 6. Some BritishAmerican Vocabulary Differences 258 7. 600 HighFrequency Words 260 8. Measurement Terms and Equivalents 263 9. Common Elements 265 10. Common Symbols 266 11. Proofreading/Correction Marks 267 12. Roman Numerals CCLXVII 13. Abbreviations 268 14. Computer Acronyms 271 15. Road Signs 273 16. Other Informational Signs 275 17. A Pedagogical Atlas of the World 277 The Paralinguistic Aspect Paralinguistic Materials: Checklist 294 1. An Outline of Paralinguistic Communication 295 2. International Sign Alphabet 296 3. Classroom Gestures 297 4. Selected American Gestures: Checklist and Interpretations 298 Children’s Gestures 305 Parental Gestures 306 Societal Gestures 307 Gestures of Greeting and Leave Taking 307 Gestures of Complicity and Fraternity 309 Gestures of Identification 310 Gestures of Hope or Good Luck 310 Gestures of Jubilation 311 Gestures of Congratulation and Selfcongratulation 312 Gestures of Nervousness, Impatience, Worry, and Boredom 313 Miscellaneous Gestures Showing Other Emotions 314 Miscellaneous Gestures with Specific Meanings 316 Sources 317 Index 319

Introduction

The Purpose and Contents of the Miscellany This book is a compendium of useful and interesting information for teachers and learners of English as a Second Language. Although the book focuses on North American English, it will also be useful to teachers and students of other varieties of English. Teachers will find this book useful as a resource for developing material as they supplement, expand, replace, adapt, or develop from scratch a complete curriculum. This one book does not contain everything that the teacher/materials developer needs to know, but we believe it is the most comprehensive one volume reference available to the lesson writer. In addition to its usefulness in developing materials, this book offers another function as a guideline/checklist for teachers who teach “a little of this and a little of that.” The problem with this kind of eclecticism, of course, is that it is not always easy to know if everything is being covered. This book will not be able to tell teachers everything they need to know about North American English, but it can serve as a comprehensive outline. By consulting the list of Situations, for example, the teacher can rather quickly review which conversational situations have been covered and what remains to be covered. A third use for this book is that many of the lists can be copied and used as handouts. For example, the summary of religions in the U.S. and Canada could be copied and given to the students as the point of reference for a question answer practice or discussion of religion. For that reason we encourage copying of these lists for classroom use. We suggested earlier that students of North American English will also find this book useful, but it is likely that it will be especially valuable to advanced students of North American English who are in need of a one volume guide that will help them determine what they already know and what they should focus their study on. We think this book will be of particular interest to advanced students who are preparing to be teachers of English as a Second Language. The Miscellany is divided into five parts. Parts I and II contain information about the language itself. This information is classified as two major aspects: Linguistic and Communicative. The linguistic aspect contains information that in some way deals with what is commonly called the phonology, lexicon, and grammar of the language. However, this linguistic aspect is not a grammar, but rather a series of lists of words and forms that exemplify some grammar point. For example, under Phrasal Verbs, there will be no rules for the use of these verbs. Instead, there will be a list of separable and inseparable phrasal verbs. In other words, it is assumed that the user will have some understanding of how phrasal verbs function in English. The communicative aspect does not deal with linguistic forms such as “go, went, gone” but outlines ways in which the language is used to send and receive messages. We have included lists of functions such as asking, introducing, telling, etc. Also in the communicative aspect section, we have included vocabulary lists that outline potential topics of conversations and situations, the contexts in which communicative functions and topics of conversation are carried out. In Part III we have compiled several lists that form an outline of North American culture. Each list can be used as the basic data upon which can be based a discussion or controlled conversation about some facet of North American culture. Part III can be used as the basis for an orientation to immigration and resettlement in the United States and Canada. Part IV is a potpourri of information that is, in general, metalinguistic. In other words, the information in this part will help the teacher and the learner facilitate the teaching/learning process. But there is also information that does not fit neatly into any of the other categories and is best labeled as miscellaneous. Part V needs little explanation. It contains some examples of communicative systems that parallel the language itself. Hence, we have called it the paralinguistic aspect. Of greatest interest is a photographic catalog of 61 gestures that are commonly recognized and understood in North America. We have provided titles and minimal explanations for the gestures, but otherwise we leave it up to you, the user of this book, to discuss, compare, practice, and even add to this listing. We will be the first to admit that this volume is far from complete. The information is such that it changes almost as fast as it is updated. As we prepare for the next edition, we welcome your comments and suggestions. In preparing this fourth edition, some of the material from previous editions no longer seemed as relevant and appropriate as it once did. Since we have added new material, it seemed reasonable to drop some, too. However, we know that each topic we have dropped will be missed by some teachers who have found the material, for example, on nursery rhymes, contraception, human and animal body parts, curses, and vulgarities, useful in working with specific students. So that we don’t disappoint these teachers, we are making this information available for free at our webstore, ProLinguaAssociates.com, linked to the ESL Miscellany announcement.